01
López-Otín, C., et al. The Hallmarks of Aging. Cell 153(6), 1194–1217 (2013).
The foundational synthesis organizing aging biology into a set of interconnected molecular categories — a shared vocabulary the wider field has continued to build upon.
02
López-Otín, C., et al. Hallmarks of Aging: An expanding universe. Cell 186(2), 243–278 (2023).
The decadal update — expanded categories and the accumulated understanding the field has gathered over ten years.
03
Cantó, C., Menzies, K. J., Auwerx, J. NAD+ Metabolism and the Control of Energy Homeostasis. Cell Metabolism 22(1), 31–53 (2015).
A review of NAD+ biology and its position in the cellular regulation of energy.
04
Verdin, E. NAD+ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. Science 350(6265), 1208–1213 (2015).
An examination of NAD+ availability patterns across tissues and across age.
05
Imai, S., Guarente, L. NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease. Trends in Cell Biology 24(8), 464–471 (2014).
The molecular relationship between NAD+ levels and sirtuin-family signaling proteins.
06
van Deursen, J. M. The role of senescent cells in ageing. Nature 509(7501), 439–446 (2014).
The accumulation of senescent cells and their secretory contributions across age.
07
Hernandez-Segura, A., Nehme, J., Demaria, M. Hallmarks of Cellular Senescence. Trends in Cell Biology 28(6), 436–453 (2018).
A description of the cellular and molecular features the field has come to recognize in senescent cells.
08
Sun, N., Youle, R. J., Finkel, T. The Mitochondrial Basis of Aging. Molecular Cell 61(5), 654–666 (2016).
An overview of mitochondrial biology and the patterns of change observed in mitochondrial function across age.
09
Houtkooper, R. H., Pirinen, E., Auwerx, J. Sirtuins as regulators of metabolism and healthspan. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 13(4), 225–238 (2012).
The sirtuin family of NAD+-dependent signaling proteins and their roles in cellular regulation.
10
Saxton, R. A., Sabatini, D. M. mTOR Signaling in Growth, Metabolism, and Disease. Cell 168(6), 960–976 (2017).
The mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway and its role in cellular and systemic regulation.
11
Hardie, D. G. AMPK—Sensing energy while talking to other signaling pathways. Cell Metabolism 20(6), 939–952 (2014).
AMP-activated protein kinase as a cellular energy sensor and signaling node.
12
Blackburn, E. H., Epel, E. S., Lin, J. Human telomere biology: A contributory and interactive factor in aging, disease risks, and protection. Science 350(6265), 1193–1198 (2015).
Telomere biology and the patterns observed in telomere maintenance across the lifespan.
13
Horvath, S., Raj, K. DNA methylation-based biomarkers and the epigenetic clock theory of ageing. Nature Reviews Genetics 19(6), 371–384 (2018).
Epigenetic age estimators and the biological information encoded in DNA methylation patterns.
14
Aman, Y., et al. Autophagy in healthy aging and disease. Nature Aging 1(8), 634–650 (2021).
The cellular process of self-renewal through controlled component recycling.
15
Sorushanova, A., et al. The Collagen Suprafamily: from Biosynthesis to Advanced Biomaterial Development. Advanced Materials 31(1), 1801651 (2019).
The biology of the collagen family across its forms, functions, and structural roles.
16
Frantz, C., Stewart, K. M., Weaver, V. M. The extracellular matrix at a glance. Journal of Cell Science 123(24), 4195–4200 (2010).
The structural matrix outside cells and its biological functions across tissues.
17
Cryan, J. F., et al. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Physiological Reviews 99(4), 1877–2013 (2019).
The bidirectional communication between gut microbiota and the central nervous system.
18
Lynch, S. V., Pedersen, O. The Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 375(24), 2369–2379 (2016).
A clinical-scientific overview of the gut microbiome and its associations across the body.
19
Mander, B. A., Winer, J. R., Walker, M. P. Sleep and Human Aging. Neuron 94(1), 19–36 (2017).
Patterns of sleep architecture across age and their relationships to cognitive and metabolic systems.
20
Panda, S. Circadian physiology of metabolism. Science 354(6315), 1008–1015 (2016).
The twenty-four-hour rhythms governing metabolic processes across the body.
21
Ferrucci, L., et al. Measuring biological aging in humans: A quest. Aging Cell 19(2), 13080 (2020).
A survey of the methods the field uses to estimate biological as distinct from chronological age.
22
Partridge, L., Deelen, J., Slagboom, P. E. Facing up to the global challenges of ageing. Nature 561(7721), 45–56 (2018).
A wider perspective on the contemporary state of aging research and its position within global health science.