Vitamin C (as Ascorbic Acid & Organic Acerola Cherries), Vitamin D3 (from Wild Harvested Lichen; 5000 IU), Zinc (as Zinc Bisglycinate Chelate), Organic Elderberry Blend: Organic Fermented Elderberry Fruit, Organic Elderberry Fruit Extract (Std. to 5% Flavanoids), Organic Elderberry Fruit Extract (5:1). Other Ingredients: Methylcellulose Capsule.

Adults take 3 capsules daily with 8 ounces of water or your favorite beverage. May be taken with or without food.

CAUTION: Do not exceed recommended dose. Please use caution if you have allergies or sensitivities to any of the listed ingredients. Pregnant or nursing mothers and individuals with a known medical condition should consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement. Use only as directed. If gastrointestinal discomfort (including bloating, cramps, diarrhea, or other digestive upset) or other sensitivity is experienced stop taking the product immediately. If you are pregnant, nursing, or have a medical condition, please consult with your physician before use. If you have any questions about consuming this dietary supplement, consult with your health care professional before using. If you use prescription drugs or over-the-counter medications, are unaware of your current medical condition or have a pre-existing medical condition(s), consult with your health care professional before using. Discontinue use immediately if you experience any adverse symptoms or reactions while taking this product. Discontinue use 2 weeks prior to surgery. Do not use if your health status is unknown. Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Store in a cool, dry place, away from heat moisture. Use this product as a food supplement only. Do not use for weight reduction.

Organic Black Elderberry Fruit

Porter, Randall & Bode, Robert. (2017). A Review of the Antiviral Properties of Black Elder ( Sambucus nigra L.) Products: Antiviral Properties of Black Elder ( Sambucus nigra L.). Phytotherapy Research. 31. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5782 

Porter, R. S., & Bode, R. F. (2017). A Review of the Antiviral Properties of Black Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) Products. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 31(4), 533–554. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5782

Zakay-Rones, Z., Thom, E., Wollan, T., & Wadstein, J. (2004). Randomized study of the efficacy and safety of oral elderberry extract in the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. The Journal of international medical research, 32(2), 132–140. DOI: 10.1177/147323000403200205

Zakay-Rones, Z., Varsano, N., Zlotnik, M., Manor, O., Regev, L., Schlesinger, M., & Mumcuoglu, M. (1995). Inhibition of several strains of influenza virus in vitro and reduction of symptoms by an elderberry extract (Sambucus nigra L.) during an outbreak of influenza B Panama. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 1(4), 361–369. DOI: 10.1089/acm.1995.1.361

Tiralongo E, Wee SS, Lea RA. Elderberry Supplementation Reduces Cold Duration and Symptoms in Air-Travellers: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2016;8(4):182. Published 2016 Mar 24. doi: 10.3390/nu8040182

Krawitz, C., Mraheil, M. A., Stein, M., Imirzalioglu, C., Domann, E., Pleschka, S., & Hain, T. (2011). Inhibitory activity of a standardized elderberry liquid extract against clinically-relevant human respiratory bacterial pathogens and influenza A and B viruses. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 11, 16. DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-16

Vlachojannis, J. E., Cameron, M., & Chrubasik, S. (2010). A systematic review on the sambuci fructus effect and efficacy profiles. Phytotherapy research : PTR, 24(1), 1–8. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2729

Hawkins, J., Baker, C., Cherry, L., & Dunne, E. (2019). Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials. Complementary therapies in medicine, 42, 361–365. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.004

Młynarczyk, Karolina & Walkowiak-Tomczak, Dorota & Lysiak, Grzegorz. (2018). Bioactive properties of Sambucus nigra L. As a functional ingredient for food and pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Functional Foods. 40. 377-390. DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.025

Młynarczyk, K., Walkowiak-Tomczak, D., Staniek, H., Kidoń, M., & Łysiak, G. P. (2020). The Content of Selected Minerals, Bioactive Compounds, and the Antioxidant Properties of the Flowers and Fruit of Selected Cultivars and Wildly Growing Plants of Sambucus nigra L. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 25(4), 876. DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040876

Chen, C., Zuckerman, D. M., Brantley, S., Sharpe, M., Childress, K., Hoiczyk, E., & Pendleton, A. R. (2014). Sambucus nigra extracts inhibit infectious bronchitis virus at an early point during replication. BMC veterinary research, 10, 24. DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-24

Della Volpe, A., Ricci, G., Ralli, M., Gambacorta, V., De Lucia, A., Minni, A., Pirozzi, C., Paccone, M., Pastore, V., & Di Stadio, A. (2019). The effects of oral supplements with Sambucus nigra, Zinc, Tyndallized Lactobacillus acidophilus (HA122), Arabinogalactans, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin C in otitis media with effusion in children: a randomized controlled trial. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 23(14), 6360–6370. DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201907_18460

Viapiana, A., & Wesolowski, M. (2017). The Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Infusions of Sambucus nigra L. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 72(1), 82–87. DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0594-x

Badescu, M., Badulescu, O., Badescu, L., & Ciocoiu, M. (2015). Effects of Sambucus nigra and Aronia melanocarpa extracts on immune system disorders within diabetes mellitus. Pharmaceutical biology, 53(4), 533–539. DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.931441

Pliszka B. (2017). Polyphenolic content, antiradical activity, stability and microbiological quality of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) extracts. Acta scientiarum polonorum. Technologia alimentaria, 16(4), 393–401. DOI: 10.17306/J.AFS.0523

Tundis, R., Ursino, C., Bonesi, M., Loizzo, M. R., Sicari, V., Pellicanò, T., Manfredi, I. L., Figoli, A., & Cassano, A. (2019). Flower and Leaf Extracts of Sambucus nigra L.: Application of Membrane Processes to Obtain Fractions with Antioxidant and Antityrosinase Properties. Membranes, 9(10), 127. DOI: 10.3390/membranes9100127

Kinoshita, E., Hayashi, K., Katayama, H., Hayashi, T., & Obata, A. (2012). Anti-influenza virus effects of elderberry juice and its fractions. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 76(9), 1633–1638. DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120112

Vitamin C

Prakash, A., & Baskaran, R. (2018). Acerola, an untapped functional superfruit: a review on latest frontiers. Journal of food science and technology, 55(9), 3373–3384. doi: 10.1007/s13197-018-3309-5

Mezadri, T., Fernández-Pachón, M. S., Villaño, D., García-Parrilla, M. C., & Troncoso, A. M. (2006). El fruto de la acerola: composición, características productivas e importancia económica [The acerola fruit: composition, productive characteristics and economic importance]. Archivos latinoamericanos de nutricion, 56(2), 101–109. PMID: 17024954

Xu, M., Shen, C., Zheng, H., Xu, Y., Xue, C., Zhu, B., & Hu, J. (2020). Metabolomic analysis of acerola cherry (Malpighia emarginata) fruit during ripening development via UPLC-Q-TOF and contribution to the antioxidant activity. Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.), 130, 108915. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108915

Uchida, E., Kondo, Y., Amano, A., Aizawa, S., Hanamura, T., Aoki, H., Nagamine, K., Koizumi, T., Maruyama, N., & Ishigami, A. (2011). Absorption and excretion of ascorbic acid alone and in acerola (Malpighia emarginata) juice: comparison in healthy Japanese subjects. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 34(11), 1744–1747. DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.1744

Hemilä H. (2017). Vitamin C and Infections. Nutrients, 9(4), 339. DOI: 10.3390/nu9040339

Hemilä, H., & Chalker, E. (2013). Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (1), CD000980. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4

Douglas, R. M., Hemilä, H., Chalker, E., & Treacy, B. (2007). Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (3), CD000980. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub3

Hemilä, H., & Chalker, E. (2013). Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (1), CD000980. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4

Carr, A. C., & Frei, B. (1999). Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C based on antioxidant and health effects in humans. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 69(6), 1086–1107. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/69.6.1086

Li, Y., & Schellhorn, H. E. (2007). New developments and novel therapeutic perspectives for vitamin C. The Journal of nutrition, 137(10), 2171–2184. DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.10.2171

Frei B, England L, Ames BN. Ascorbate is an outstanding antioxidant in human blood plasma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989;86(16):6377-6381. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.16.6377

Jacob, R. A., & Sotoudeh, G. (2002). Vitamin C function and status in chronic disease. Nutrition in clinical care : an official publication of Tufts University, 5(2), 66–74. DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-5408.2002.00005.x

Vegan Vitamin D3

Nair R, Maseeh A. Vitamin D: The "sunshine" vitamin. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2012;3(2):118-126. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.95506

Bikle DD. Vitamin D and bone. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2012;10(2):151-159. doi: 10.1007/s11914-012-0098-z

Ebeling PR. Vitamin D and bone health: Epidemiologic studies. Bonekey Rep. 2014;3:511. Published 2014 Mar 5. doi: 10.1038/bonekey.2014.6

Kopiczko A, Łopuszańska-Dawid M, Gryko K. Bone mineral density in young adults: the influence of vitamin D status, biochemical indicators, physical activity and body composition. Arch Osteoporos. 2020;15(1):45. Published 2020 Mar 12. doi: 10.1007/s11657-020-0684-0

Hernando VU, Andry MM, María Virginia PF, Valentina A. Vitamin D nutritional status in the adult population in Colombia - An analytical cross-sectional study. Heliyon. 2020;6(2):e03479. Published 2020 Feb 25. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03479

Jacob EA, Blum L, Bedair HS, Freiberg AA, Quraishi SA. The Association of Vitamin D Status and Pre-operative Physical Activity in Patients with Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis. J Restor Med. 2015;4(1):3-10. doi: 10.14200/jrm.2015.4.0101

Nowson, C. A., McGrath, J. J., Ebeling, P. R., Haikerwal, A., Daly, R. M., Sanders, K. M., Seibel, M. J., Mason, R. S., & Working Group of Australian and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society, Endocrine Society of Australia and Osteoporosis Australia (2012). Vitamin D and health in adults in Australia and New Zealand: a position statement. The Medical journal of Australia, 196(11), 686–687. DOI: 10.5694/mja11.10301

Dawson-Hughes, B., Mithal, A., Bonjour, J. P., Boonen, S., Burckhardt, P., Fuleihan, G. E., Josse, R. G., Lips, P., Morales-Torres, J., & Yoshimura, N. (2010). IOF position statement: vitamin D recommendations for older adults. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 21(7), 1151–1154. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1285-3

Dowd R. (2001). Role of calcium, vitamin D, and other essential nutrients in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The Nursing clinics of North America, 36(3), 417–viii. PMID: 11532657

Van der Wielen, R. P., Löwik, M. R., van den Berg, H., de Groot, L. C., Haller, J., Moreiras, O., & van Staveren, W. A. (1995). Serum vitamin D concentrations among elderly people in Europe. Lancet (London, England), 346(8969), 207–210. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91266-5

Webb, A. R., Kline, L., & Holick, M. F. (1988). Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 67(2), 373–378. DOI: 10.1210/jcem-67-2-373

Buckley, L. M., Leib, E. S., Cartularo, K. S., Vacek, P. M., & Cooper, S. M. (1996). Calcium and vitamin D3 supplementation prevents bone loss in the spine secondary to low-dose corticosteroids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of internal medicine, 125(12), 961–968. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-125-12-199612150-00004

Compston, J. E., & Horton, L. W. (1978). Gastroenterology, 74(5 Pt 1), 900–902. PMID: 640344

Zinc

Rondanelli M, Miccono A, Lamburghini S, et al. Self-Care for Common Colds: The Pivotal Role of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Zinc, and Echinacea in Three Main Immune Interactive Clusters (Physical Barriers, Innate and Adaptive Immunity) Involved during an Episode of Common Colds-Practical Advice on Dosages and on the Time to Take These Nutrients/Botanicals in order to Prevent or Treat Common Colds. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018;2018:5813095. Published 2018 Apr 29. doi: 10.1155/2018/5813095

Singh M, Das RR. WITHDRAWN: Zinc for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(4):CD001364. Published 2015 Apr 30. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001364.pub5

Hulisz D. (2004). Efficacy of zinc against common cold viruses: an overview. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA, 44(5), 594–603. DOI: 10.1331/1544-3191.44.5.594.hulisz

Gammoh, N. Z., & Rink, L. (2017). Zinc in Infection and Inflammation. Nutrients, 9(6), 624. DOI: 10.3390/nu9060624

Wintergerst, E. S., Maggini, S., & Hornig, D. H. (2007). Contribution of selected vitamins and trace elements to immune function. Annals of nutrition & metabolism, 51(4), 301–323. DOI: 10.1159/000107673

Sapkota, M., & Knoell, D. L. (2018). Essential Role of Zinc and Zinc Transporters in Myeloid Cell Function and Host Defense against Infection. Journal of immunology research, 2018, 4315140. DOI: 10.1155/2018/4315140

Chasapis, C. T., Loutsidou, A. C., Spiliopoulou, C. A., & Stefanidou, M. E. (2012). Zinc and human health: an update. Archives of toxicology, 86(4), 521–534. DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0775-1