Wild Caught Hydrolyzed Fish Collagen
Sanchez A, Blanco M, Correa B, Perez-Martin RI, Sotelo CG. Effect of Fish Collagen Hydrolysates on Type I Collagen mRNA Levels of Human Dermal Fibroblast Culture. Mar Drugs. 2018;16(5):144. Published 2018 Apr 26. doi: 10.3390/md16050144
König D, Oesser S, Scharla S, Zdzieblik D, Gollhofer A. Specific Collagen Peptides Improve Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in Postmenopausal Women-A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2018;10(1):97. Published 2018 Jan 16. doi: 10.3390/nu10010097
Porfírio, Elisângela & Fanaro, Gustavo. (2016). Collagen supplementation as a complementary therapy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia. 19. 153-164. DOI: 10.1590/1809-9823.2016.14145
De Luca C, Mikhal'chik EV, Suprun MV, Papacharalambous M, Truhanov AI, Korkina LG. Skin Antiageing and Systemic Redox Effects of Supplementation with Marine Collagen Peptides and Plant-Derived Antioxidants: A Single-Blind Case-Control Clinical Study. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:4389410. doi: 10.1155/2016/4389410
Glynis A. A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy of an Oral Supplement in Women with Self-perceived Thinning Hair. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012;5(11):28‐34. PMCID: PMC3509882
Proksch, E., Schunck, M., Zague, V., Segger, D., Degwert, J., & Oesser, S. (2014). Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 27(3), 113–119. DOI: 10.1159/000355523
Proksch, E., Segger, D., Degwert, J., Schunck, M., Zague, V., & Oesser, S. (2014). Oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides has beneficial effects on human skin physiology: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 27(1), 47–55. DOI: 10.1159/000351376
Kumar, S., Sugihara, F., Suzuki, K., Inoue, N., & Venkateswarathirukumara, S. (2015). A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, clinical study on the effectiveness of collagen peptide on osteoarthritis. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 95(4), 702–707. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6752
Bello, A. E., & Oesser, S. (2006). Collagen hydrolysate for the treatment of osteoarthritis and other joint disorders: a review of the literature. Current medical research and opinion, 22(11), 2221–2232. DOI: 10.1185/030079906X148373
Hexsel, D., Zague, V., Schunck, M., Siega, C., Camozzato, F. O., & Oesser, S. (2017). Oral supplementation with specific bioactive collagen peptides improves nail growth and reduces symptoms of brittle nails. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 16(4), 520–526. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12393
Glycine
Razak MA, Begum PS, Viswanath B, Rajagopal S. Multifarious Beneficial Effect of Nonessential Amino Acid, Glycine: A Review. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:1716701. doi: 10.1155/2017/1716701
Wang, W., Wu, Z., Dai, Z., Yang, Y., Wang, J., & Wu, G. (2013). Glycine metabolism in animals and humans: implications for nutrition and health. Amino acids, 45(3), 463–477. DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1493-1
Bannai M, Kawai N, Ono K, Nakahara K, Murakami N. The effects of glycine on subjective daytime performance in partially sleep-restricted healthy volunteers. Front Neurol. 2012;3:61. Published 2012 Apr 18. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00061
De Paz-Lugo P, Lupiáñez JA, Meléndez-Hevia E. High glycine concentration increases collagen synthesis by articular chondrocytes in vitro: acute glycine deficiency could be an important cause of osteoarthritis. Amino Acids. 2018;50(10):1357-1365. doi: 10.1007/s00726-018-2611-x
Li, P., & Wu, G. (2018). Roles of dietary glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline in collagen synthesis and animal growth. Amino acids, 50(1), 29–38. DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2490-6
Kasznel, A. J., Zhang, Y., Hai, Y., & Chenoweth, D. M. (2017). Structural Basis for Aza-Glycine Stabilization of Collagen. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 139(28), 9427–9430. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03398
Clements, K. A., Acevedo-Jake, A. M., Walker, D. R., & Hartgerink, J. D. (2017). Glycine Substitutions in Collagen Heterotrimers Alter Triple Helical Assembly. Biomacromolecules, 18(2), 617–624. DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01808
Vieira, C. P., De Oliveira, L. P., Da Ré Guerra, F., Dos Santos De Almeida, M., Marcondes, M. C., & Pimentel, E. R. (2015). Glycine improves biochemical and biomechanical properties following inflammation of the achilles tendon. Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), 298(3), 538–545. DOI: 10.1002/ar.23041
Vieira, C. P., Viola, M., Carneiro, G. D., D'Angelo, M. L., Vicente, C. P., Passi, A., & Pimentel, E. R. (2018). Glycine improves the remodeling process of tenocytes in vitro. Cell biology international, 42(7), 804–814. DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10937
Vieira, C. P., De Oliveira, L. P., Da Ré Guerra, F., Marcondes, M. C., & Pimentel, E. R. (2016). Green Tea and Glycine Modulate the Activity of Metalloproteinases and Collagen in the Tendinitis of the Myotendinous Junction of the Achilles Tendon. Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), 299(7), 918–928. DOI: 10.1002/ar.23361
Proline
Vance L Albaugh, Kaushik Mukherjee, Adrian Barbul, Proline Precursors and Collagen Synthesis: Biochemical Challenges of Nutrient Supplementation and Wound Healing, The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 147, Issue 11, November 2017, Pages 2011–2017. DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.256404
Barbul A. (2008). Proline precursors to sustain Mammalian collagen synthesis. The Journal of nutrition, 138(10), 2021S–2024S. DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.10.2021S
Wu, G., Bazer, F. W., Burghardt, R. C., Johnson, G. A., Kim, S. W., Knabe, D. A., Li, P., Li, X., McKnight, J. R., Satterfield, M. C., & Spencer, T. E. (2011). Proline and hydroxyproline metabolism: implications for animal and human nutrition. Amino acids, 40(4), 1053–1063. DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0715-z
Hydroxyproline
Shigemura Y, Iwasaki Y, Tateno M, et al. A Pilot Study for the Detection of Cyclic Prolyl-Hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) in Human Blood after Ingestion of Collagen Hydrolysate. Nutrients. 2018;10(10):1356. Published 2018 Sep 22. doi: 10.3390/nu10101356
Qiu, B., Wei, F., Sun, X., Wang, X., Duan, B., Shi, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Qiu, W., & Mu, W. (2014). Measurement of hydroxyproline in collagen with three different methods. Molecular medicine reports, 10(2), 1157–1163. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2267