Multi Collagen Protein Complex: Hydrolyzed Bovine Collagen Peptides, Hydrolyzed Fish Collagen Peptides (BSE-free), Chicken Bone Broth Collagen Concentrate, Eggshell Membrane Collagen, Joint Blend: Bromelain, Turmeric Root Extract, Boswellia serrata Gum Extract, Ginger Root Extract, Hyaluronic Acid, Astaxanthin. Other Ingredients: Methylcellulose Capsule.

Amino acid profile (average milligrams per serving): Alanine 131.4, Arginine 111.7, Aspartic Acid 84.6, Glutamic Acid 148.3, Glycine 353.7, Histidine 11.1, Hydroxylysine 12.9, Hydroxyproline 171.9, Isoleucine 22.6, Leucine 43.3, Lysine 54.3, Methionine 13.1, Phenylalanine 28.6, Proline 205.2, Serine 49.2, Theorine 26.9, Tyrosine 7.6, Valine 33.4. Average milligrams per serving naturally occurring; absolute values may vary. Contains 8 of 9 essential amino acids. Not a significant source of protein. Collagen protein does not count toward the FDA recommended Percent Daily Value for protein because it lacks one essential amino acid: tryptophan.

Adults take 3 capsules daily with 8 ounces of water or your favorite beverage. May be taken with or without food.

CAUTION: Do not exceed recommended dose. Please use caution if you have allergies or sensitivities to any of the listed ingredients. Use only as directed. Some people might experience slight intolerance to marine product. If gastrointestinal discomfort (including bloating, cramps, diarrhea, or other digestive upset) or other sensitivity is experienced stop taking the product immediately. Some people are allergic to fish. Use only as directed. If you are pregnant, nursing, or have a medical condition, please consult with your physician before use. Use this product as a food supplement only. Do not use for weight reduction.

Hydrolyzed Bovine Collagen Peptides

Vollmer DL, West VA, Lephart ED. Enhancing Skin Health: By Oral Administration of Natural Compounds and Minerals with Implications to the Dermal Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(10):3059. Published 2018 Oct 7. doi: 10.3390/ijms19103059

Saha A, Alam MJ, Ashraf KU, Mannan A. Computational analysis of bovine alpha-1 collagen sequences. Bioinformation. 2013;9(1):42‐48. doi: 10.6026/97320630009042

León-López A, Morales-Peñaloza A, Martínez-Juárez VM, Vargas-Torres A, Zeugolis DI, Aguirre-Álvarez G. Hydrolyzed Collagen-Sources and Applications. Molecules. 2019;24(22):4031. Published 2019 Nov 7. doi: 10.3390/molecules24224031

K. Henriksen, M.A. Karsdal, in Biochemistry of Collagens, Laminins and Elastin, 2016

Albaugh VL, Mukherjee K, Barbul A. Proline Precursors and Collagen Synthesis: Biochemical Challenges of Nutrient Supplementation and Wound Healing. J Nutr. 2017;147(11):2011‐2017. doi:10.3945/jn.117.256404

Avila Rodríguez, MI, Rodríguez Barroso, LG, Sánchez, ML. Collagen: A review on its sources and potential cosmetic applications. J Cosmet. Dermatol. 2018; 17: 20– 26. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12450

Paul C, Leser S, Oesser S. Significant Amounts of Functional Collagen Peptides Can Be Incorporated in the Diet While Maintaining Indispensable Amino Acid Balance. Nutrients. 2019;11(5):1079. Published 2019 May 15.  doi: 10.3945/jn.117.256404

Proksch, E., Segger, D., Degwert, J., Schunck, M., Zague, V., & Oesser, S. (2014). Oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides has beneficial effects on human skin physiology: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 27(1), 47–55. DOI: 10.1159/000351376

Zdzieblik D, Oesser S, Baumstark MW, Gollhofer A, König D. Collagen peptide supplementation in combination with resistance training improves body composition and increases muscle strength in elderly sarcopenic men: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2015;114(8):1237‐1245. doi: 10.1017/S0007114515002810

Clark, Kristine L et al. “24-Week study on the use of collagen hydrolysate as a dietary supplement in athletes with activity-related joint pain.” Current medical research and opinion vol. 24,5 (2008): 1485-96. DOI: 10.1185/030079908x291967

Moskowitz, R W. “Role of collagen hydrolysate in bone and joint disease.” Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism vol. 30,2 (2000): 87-99. DOI: 10.1053/sarh.2000.9622

Bello, Alfonso E, and Steffen Oesser. “Collagen hydrolysate for the treatment of osteoarthritis and other joint disorders: a review of the literature.” Current medical research and opinion vol. 22,11 (2006): 2221-32. DOI: 10.1185/030079906X148373

Kumar, Suresh et al. “A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, clinical study on the effectiveness of collagen peptide on osteoarthritis.” Journal of the science of food and agriculture vol. 95,4 (2015): 702-7. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6752

Hydrolyzed Fish Collagen Peptides

Sanchez A, Blanco M, Correa B, Perez-Martin RI, Sotelo CG. Effect of Fish Collagen Hydrolysates on Type I Collagen mRNA Levels of Human Dermal Fibroblast Culture. Mar Drugs. 2018;16(5):144. Published 2018 Apr 26. doi: 10.3390/md16050144

König D, Oesser S, Scharla S, Zdzieblik D, Gollhofer A. Specific Collagen Peptides Improve Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in Postmenopausal Women-A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2018;10(1):97. Published 2018 Jan 16. doi: 10.3390/nu10010097

Porfírio, Elisângela & Fanaro, Gustavo. (2016). Collagen supplementation as a complementary therapy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia. 19. 153-164. DOI: 10.1590/1809-9823.2016.14145

De Luca C, Mikhal'chik EV, Suprun MV, Papacharalambous M, Truhanov AI, Korkina LG. Skin Antiageing and Systemic Redox Effects of Supplementation with Marine Collagen Peptides and Plant-Derived Antioxidants: A Single-Blind Case-Control Clinical Study. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:4389410. doi: 10.1155/2016/4389410

Glynis A. A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy of an Oral Supplement in Women with Self-perceived Thinning Hair. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012;5(11):28‐34. PMCID: PMC3509882

Proksch, E., Schunck, M., Zague, V., Segger, D., Degwert, J., & Oesser, S. (2014). Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 27(3), 113–119. DOI: 10.1159/000355523

Proksch, E., Segger, D., Degwert, J., Schunck, M., Zague, V., & Oesser, S. (2014). Oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides has beneficial effects on human skin physiology: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 27(1), 47–55. DOI: 10.1159/000351376

Chicken Bone Broth Collagen

Crowley DC, Lau FC, Sharma P, et al. Safety and efficacy of undenatured type II collagen in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a clinical trial. Int J Med Sci. 2009;6(6):312‐321. Published 2009 Oct 9. doi: 10.7150/ijms.6.312

Bakilan F, Armagan O, Ozgen M, Tascioglu F, Bolluk O, Alatas O. Effects of Native Type II Collagen Treatment on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Eurasian J Med. 2016;48(2):95‐101. doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2015.15030

Lugo, J.P., Saiyed, Z.M. & Lane, N.E. Efficacy and tolerability of an undenatured type II collagen supplement in modulating knee osteoarthritis symptoms: a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutr J 15, 14 (2015). DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0130-8

Bagchi, D., Misner, B., Bagchi, M., Kothari, S. C., Downs, B. W., Fafard, R. D., & Preuss, H. G. (2002). Effects of orally administered undenatured type II collagen against arthritic inflammatory diseases: a mechanistic exploration. International journal of clinical pharmacology research, 22(3-4), 101–110.

Zhu, P., Li, X. Y., Wang, H. K., Jia, J. F., Zheng, Z. H., Ding, J., & Fan, C. M. (2007). Oral administration of type-II collagen peptide 250-270 suppresses specific cellular and humoral immune response in collagen-induced arthritis. Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.), 122(1), 75–84. DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.08.004

Barnett, M. L., Kremer, J. M., St Clair, E. W., Clegg, D. O., Furst, D., Weisman, M., Fletcher, M. J., Chasan-Taber, S., Finger, E., Morales, A., Le, C. H., & Trentham, D. E. (1998). Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with oral type II collagen. Results of a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis and rheumatism, 41(2), 290–297. DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199802)41:2<290::AID-ART13>3.0.CO;2-R

Yoshinari, O., Moriyama, H., & Shiojima, Y. (2015). An overview of a novel, water-soluble undenatured type II collagen (NEXT-II). Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 34(3), 255–262. DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2014.919541

Paul, C., Leser, S., & Oesser, S. (2019). Significant Amounts of Functional Collagen Peptides Can Be Incorporated in the Diet While Maintaining Indispensable Amino Acid Balance. Nutrients, 11(5), 1079. DOI: 10.3390/nu11051079

Darling, A. L., Manders, R., Sahni, S., Zhu, K., Hewitt, C. E., Prince, R. L., Millward, D. J., & Lanham-New, S. A. (2019). Dietary protein and bone health across the life-course: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis over 40 years. Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 30(4), 741–761. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04933-8

Lerman, R. H., Chang, J. L., Konda, V., Desai, A., & Montalto, M. B. (2015). Nutritional Approach for Relief of Joint Discomfort: A 12-week, Open-case Series and Illustrative Case Report. Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.), 14(5), 52–61. PMCID: PMC4712866

Egg Shell Membrane Collagen

Ruff KJ, Morrison D, Duncan SA, Back M, Aydogan C, Theodosakis J. Beneficial effects of natural eggshell membrane versus placebo in exercise-induced joint pain, stiffness, and cartilage turnover in healthy, postmenopausal women. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:285‐295. Published 2018 Feb 19. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S153782

Ruff KJ, Winkler A, Jackson RW, DeVore DP, Ritz BW. Eggshell membrane in the treatment of pain and stiffness from osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Clin Rheumatol. 2009;28(8):907‐914. doi: 10.1007/s10067-009-1173-4

Hewlings, S., Kalman, D., & Schneider, L. V. (2019). A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Prospective Clinical Trial Evaluating Water-Soluble Chicken Eggshell Membrane for Improvement in Joint Health in Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis. Journal of medicinal food, 22(9), 875–884. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0068

Ruff, K. J., DeVore, D. P., Leu, M. D., & Robinson, M. A. (2009). Eggshell membrane: a possible new natural therapeutic for joint and connective tissue disorders. Results from two open-label human clinical studies. Clinical interventions in aging, 4, 235–240. DOI: 10.2147/cia.s5797

Hyaluronic Acid & Astaxanthin

Bowman, Steven et al. “Recent advances in hyaluronic acid based therapy for osteoarthritis.” Clinical and translational medicine vol. 7,1 6. 16 Feb. 2018, doi: 10.1186/s40169-017-0180-3

Gupta, Ramesh C et al. “Hyaluronic Acid: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Trajectory.” Frontiers in veterinary science vol. 6 192. 25 Jun. 2019, doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00192

Altman, Roy et al. “Efficacy and safety of repeated courses of hyaluronic acid injections for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review.” Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism vol. 48,2 (2018): 168-175. DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.01.009

Trigkilidas, D, and A Anand. “The effectiveness of hyaluronic acid intra-articular injections in managing osteoarthritic knee pain.” Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England vol. 95,8 (2013): 545-51. doi: 10.1308/003588413X13629960049432

Miśkowiec, Krzysztof et al. “Skuteczność działania i bezpieczeństwo preparatu Suplasyn 1-Shot w leczeniu choroby zwyrodnieniowej stawów kolanowych” [Effectiveness and safety of intra-articular use of hyaluronic acid (Suplasyn I-Shot) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis]. Przeglad lekarski vol. 73,4 (2016): 221-3. PMID: 27526423

Concoff, Andrew et al. “The efficacy of multiple versus single hyaluronic acid injections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” BMC musculoskeletal disorders vol. 18,1 542. 21 Dec. 2017. DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1897-2

Fakhari, A, and C Berkland. “Applications and emerging trends of hyaluronic acid in tissue engineering, as a dermal filler and in osteoarthritis treatment.” Acta biomaterialia vol. 9,7 (2013): 7081-92. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.005

Sun, Kai et al. “Astaxanthin protects against osteoarthritis via Nrf2: a guardian of cartilage homeostasis.” Aging vol. 11,22 (2019): 10513-10531. doi: 10.18632/aging.102474

Peng, Yi-Jen et al. “Astaxanthin attenuates joint inflammation induced by monosodium urate crystals.” FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology vol. 34,8 (2020): 11215-11226. DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000558RR

Park, Jean Soon et al. “Astaxanthin decreased oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced immune response in humans.” Nutrition & metabolism vol. 7 18. 5 Mar. 2010. DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-18

Park, Doo Ri et al. “FlexPro MD, a Mixture of Krill Oil, Astaxanthin, and Hyaluronic Acid, Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Cytokine Production Through Inhibition of NF-κB.” Journal of medicinal food vol. 19,12 (2016): 1196-1203. DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3787

Bromelain, Turmeric & Ginger

Brien, Sarah et al. “Bromelain as a Treatment for Osteoarthritis: a Review of Clinical Studies.” Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM vol. 1,3 (2004): 251-257. PMCID: PMC538506

Walker, A F et al. “Bromelain reduces mild acute knee pain and improves well-being in a dose-dependent fashion in an open study of otherwise healthy adults.” Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology vol. 9,8 (2002): 681-6. DOI: 10.1078/094471102321621269

Italiano, Giovanni et al. “Benefits of a Food Supplement Containing Boswellia serrata and Bromelain for Improving the Quality of Life in Patients with Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study.” Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) vol. 26,2 (2020): 123-129. DOI: 10.1089/acm.2019.0258

Conrozier, Thierry et al. “A complex of three natural anti-inflammatory agents provides relief of osteoarthritis pain.” Alternative therapies in health and medicine vol. 20 Suppl 1 (2014): 32-7. PMID: 24473984

Brien, S et al. “Bromelain as an adjunctive treatment for moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study.” QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians vol. 99,12 (2006): 841-50. DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcl118

Daily, James W et al. “Efficacy of Turmeric Extracts and Curcumin for Alleviating the Symptoms of Joint Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.” Journal of medicinal food vol. 19,8 (2016): 717-29. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3705

Altman, R D, and K C Marcussen. “Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis.” Arthritis and rheumatism vol. 44,11 (2001): 2531-8. PMID: 11710709

Mashhadi, Nafiseh Shokri et al. “Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of ginger in health and physical activity: review of current evidence.” International journal of preventive medicine vol. 4,Suppl 1 (2013): S36-42. PMID: 23717767