Wild-Caught, Cold Water White Fish Collagen.

Amino acid profile (average milligrams per serving): Alanine 702 mg, Arginine 684 mg, Aspartic Acid 459 mg, Glutamic Acid 1116 mg, Glycine 1836 mg, Histidine 99 mg, Hydroxylysine 36 mg, Hydroxyproline 594 mg, Isoleucine 108 mg, Leucine 252 mg, Lysine 270 mg, Methionine 63 mg, Phenylalanine 162 mg, Proline 1170 mg, Serine 243 mg, Threonine 135 mg, Tyrosine 45 mg, Valine 189 mg. Average milligrams per serving naturally occurring; absolute values may vary. Contains 8 of 9 essential amino acids. Not a significant source of protein. Collagen protein does not count toward the FDA recommended Percent Daily Value for protein because it lacks one essential amino acid: tryptophan. Packaged by weight, not volume. Settling may occur.

Adults take 1 scoop with 8-12 ounces of water or your favorite beverage or as directed by a qualified healthcare practitioner.

CAUTION: Do not exceed recommended dose. Pregnant, nursing mothers, children under 18 and individuals with a known medical condition should consult a physician before using this or any dietary supplement. Please use caution if you have allergies or sensitivities to any of the listed ingredients. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use if safety seal is damaged or missing. Store in a cool dry place. Use this product as a food supplement only. Do not use for weight reduction.

Wild Caught Hydrolyzed Fish Collagen

Sanchez A, Blanco M, Correa B, Perez-Martin RI, Sotelo CG. Effect of Fish Collagen Hydrolysates on Type I Collagen mRNA Levels of Human Dermal Fibroblast Culture. Mar Drugs. 2018;16(5):144. Published 2018 Apr 26. doi: 10.3390/md16050144

König D, Oesser S, Scharla S, Zdzieblik D, Gollhofer A. Specific Collagen Peptides Improve Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in Postmenopausal Women-A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients. 2018;10(1):97. Published 2018 Jan 16. doi: 10.3390/nu10010097

Porfírio, Elisângela & Fanaro, Gustavo. (2016). Collagen supplementation as a complementary therapy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia. 19. 153-164. DOI: 10.1590/1809-9823.2016.14145

De Luca C, Mikhal'chik EV, Suprun MV, Papacharalambous M, Truhanov AI, Korkina LG. Skin Antiageing and Systemic Redox Effects of Supplementation with Marine Collagen Peptides and Plant-Derived Antioxidants: A Single-Blind Case-Control Clinical Study. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:4389410. doi: 10.1155/2016/4389410

Glynis A. A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy of an Oral Supplement in Women with Self-perceived Thinning Hair. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2012;5(11):28‐34. PMCID: PMC3509882

Proksch, E., Schunck, M., Zague, V., Segger, D., Degwert, J., & Oesser, S. (2014). Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 27(3), 113–119. DOI: 10.1159/000355523

Proksch, E., Segger, D., Degwert, J., Schunck, M., Zague, V., & Oesser, S. (2014). Oral supplementation of specific collagen peptides has beneficial effects on human skin physiology: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Skin pharmacology and physiology, 27(1), 47–55. DOI: 10.1159/000351376

Kumar, S., Sugihara, F., Suzuki, K., Inoue, N., & Venkateswarathirukumara, S. (2015). A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, clinical study on the effectiveness of collagen peptide on osteoarthritis. Journal of the science of food and agriculture, 95(4), 702–707. DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6752

Bello, A. E., & Oesser, S. (2006). Collagen hydrolysate for the treatment of osteoarthritis and other joint disorders: a review of the literature. Current medical research and opinion, 22(11), 2221–2232. DOI: 10.1185/030079906X148373

Hexsel, D., Zague, V., Schunck, M., Siega, C., Camozzato, F. O., & Oesser, S. (2017). Oral supplementation with specific bioactive collagen peptides improves nail growth and reduces symptoms of brittle nails. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 16(4), 520–526. DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12393

Glycine

Razak MA, Begum PS, Viswanath B, Rajagopal S. Multifarious Beneficial Effect of Nonessential Amino Acid, Glycine: A Review. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:1716701.  doi: 10.1155/2017/1716701

Wang, W., Wu, Z., Dai, Z., Yang, Y., Wang, J., & Wu, G. (2013). Glycine metabolism in animals and humans: implications for nutrition and health. Amino acids, 45(3), 463–477. DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1493-1

Bannai M, Kawai N, Ono K, Nakahara K, Murakami N. The effects of glycine on subjective daytime performance in partially sleep-restricted healthy volunteers. Front Neurol. 2012;3:61. Published 2012 Apr 18. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00061

De Paz-Lugo P, Lupiáñez JA, Meléndez-Hevia E. High glycine concentration increases collagen synthesis by articular chondrocytes in vitro: acute glycine deficiency could be an important cause of osteoarthritis. Amino Acids. 2018;50(10):1357-1365. doi: 10.1007/s00726-018-2611-x

Li, P., & Wu, G. (2018). Roles of dietary glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline in collagen synthesis and animal growth. Amino acids, 50(1), 29–38. DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2490-6

Kasznel, A. J., Zhang, Y., Hai, Y., & Chenoweth, D. M. (2017). Structural Basis for Aza-Glycine Stabilization of Collagen. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 139(28), 9427–9430. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03398

Clements, K. A., Acevedo-Jake, A. M., Walker, D. R., & Hartgerink, J. D. (2017). Glycine Substitutions in Collagen Heterotrimers Alter Triple Helical Assembly. Biomacromolecules, 18(2), 617–624. DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01808

Vieira, C. P., De Oliveira, L. P., Da Ré Guerra, F., Dos Santos De Almeida, M., Marcondes, M. C., & Pimentel, E. R. (2015). Glycine improves biochemical and biomechanical properties following inflammation of the achilles tendon. Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), 298(3), 538–545. DOI: 10.1002/ar.23041

Vieira, C. P., Viola, M., Carneiro, G. D., D'Angelo, M. L., Vicente, C. P., Passi, A., & Pimentel, E. R. (2018). Glycine improves the remodeling process of tenocytes in vitro. Cell biology international, 42(7), 804–814. DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10937

Vieira, C. P., De Oliveira, L. P., Da Ré Guerra, F., Marcondes, M. C., & Pimentel, E. R. (2016). Green Tea and Glycine Modulate the Activity of Metalloproteinases and Collagen in the Tendinitis of the Myotendinous Junction of the Achilles Tendon. Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), 299(7), 918–928. DOI: 10.1002/ar.23361

Proline

Vance L Albaugh, Kaushik Mukherjee, Adrian Barbul, Proline Precursors and Collagen Synthesis: Biochemical Challenges of Nutrient Supplementation and Wound Healing, The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 147, Issue 11, November 2017, Pages 2011–2017. DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.256404

 Barbul A. (2008). Proline precursors to sustain Mammalian collagen synthesis. The Journal of nutrition, 138(10), 2021S–2024S. DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.10.2021S

Wu, G., Bazer, F. W., Burghardt, R. C., Johnson, G. A., Kim, S. W., Knabe, D. A., Li, P., Li, X., McKnight, J. R., Satterfield, M. C., & Spencer, T. E. (2011). Proline and hydroxyproline metabolism: implications for animal and human nutrition. Amino acids, 40(4), 1053–1063. DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0715-z

Hydroxyproline

Shigemura Y, Iwasaki Y, Tateno M, et al. A Pilot Study for the Detection of Cyclic Prolyl-Hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) in Human Blood after Ingestion of Collagen Hydrolysate. Nutrients. 2018;10(10):1356. Published 2018 Sep 22. doi: 10.3390/nu10101356

Qiu, B., Wei, F., Sun, X., Wang, X., Duan, B., Shi, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Qiu, W., & Mu, W. (2014). Measurement of hydroxyproline in collagen with three different methods. Molecular medicine reports, 10(2), 1157–1163. DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2267