Grass-Fed Beef Cartilage

PDQ Integrative, Alternative, and Complementary Therapies Editorial Board. Cartilage (Bovine and Shark) (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. 2018 Aug 23. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. 

Prudden, J. F., & Balassa, L. L. (1974). The biological activity of bovine cartilage preparations. Clinical demonstration of their potent anti-inflammatory capacity with supplementary notes on certain relevant fundamental supportive studies. Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism, 3(4), 287–321. DOI: 10.1016/0049-0172(74)90003-1

Prudden J. F. (1985). The treatment of human cancer with agents prepared from bovine cartilage. Journal of biological response modifiers, 4(6), 551–584. PMID: 4087031

Tanzi EL, Perez M. The effect of a mucopolysaccharide-cartilage complex healing ointment on Er:YAG laser resurfaced facial skin. Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]. 2002 Apr;28(4):305-308. DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-4725.2002.01130.x

Allen, J., & Prudden, J. F. (1966). Histologic response to a cartilage powder preparation in a controlled human study. American journal of surgery, 112(6), 888–891. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(66)90144-9

Gramajo, R. J., Cutroneo, E. J., Fernandez, D. E., Gibson, J. L., Cáceres Maldonado, J. C., Romero, F. L., & Houssay, R. H. (1989). A single-blind, placebo-controlled study of glycosaminoglycan-peptide complex ('Rumalon') in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. Current medical research and opinion, 11(6), 366–373. DOI: 10.1185/03007998909110137

HOUCK, J. C., JACOB, R. A., DEANGELO, L., & VICKERS, K. (1962). The inhibition of inflammation and the acceleration of tissue repair by cartilage powder. Surgery, 51, 632–638. PMID: 14449250

Katona G. (1987). A clinical trial of glycosaminoglycan-peptide complex ('Rumalon') in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Current medical research and opinion, 10(9), 625–633. DOI: 10.1185/03007998709112416

PRUDDEN, J. F., NISHIHARA, G., & BAKER, L. (1957). The acceleration of wound healing with cartilage. I. Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics, 105(3), 283–286. PMID: 13467657

Prudden JF, Allen J. The Clinical Acceleration of Healing With a Cartilage Preparation: A Controlled Study. JAMA. 1965;192(5):352–356. doi:10.1001/jama.1965.03080180010002

Bagchi D, Misner B, Bagchi M, et al. Effects of orally administered undenatured type II collagen against arthritic inflammatory diseases: a mechanistic exploration. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research. 2002 ;22(3-4):101-110. PMID: 12837047

Grass-Fed Beef Liver

Duizer, L. M., Diana, A., Rathomi, H. S., Luftimas, D. E., Rahmannia, S., Santi, W., Nugraha, G. I., Haszard, J. J., Gibson, R. S., & Houghton, L. A. (2017). An Acceptability Trial of Desiccated Beef Liver and Meat Powder as Potential Fortifiers of Complementary Diets of Young Children in Indonesia. Journal of food science, 82(9), 2206–2212. DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13807

Ross, A. C., Caballero, B. H., Cousins, R. J., Tucker, K. L., & Ziegler, T. R. (2012). Modern nutrition in health and disease: Eleventh edition. Wolters Kluwer Health Adis (ESP).

Sanders LM, Zeisel SH. Choline: Dietary Requirements and Role in Brain Development. Nutr Today. 2007;42(4):181-186. doi: 10.1097/01.NT.0000286155.55343.fa

Zeisel SH, da Costa KA. Choline: an essential nutrient for public health. Nutr Rev. 2009;67(11):615-623. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00246.x

Ercan Karaayak, Pınar & El, Sedef. (2011). Changes in content of coenzyme Q10 in beef muscle, beef liver and beef heart with cooking and in vitro digestion. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis - J FOOD COMPOS ANAL. 24. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2011.05.002

Prakash S, Sunitha J, Hans M. Role of coenzyme Q(10) as an antioxidant and bioenergizer in periodontal diseases. Indian J Pharmacol. 2010;42(6):334-337. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.71884

Rosenfeldt, Franklin & Hilton, Deborah & Pepe, Salvatore & Krum, Henry. (2003). Systematic review of effect of coenzyme Q10 in physical exercise, hypertension and heart failure. BioFactors (Oxford, England). 18. 91-100. DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520180211.

Jafari, M., Mousavi, S. M., Asgharzadeh, A., & Yazdani, N. (2018). Coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of heart failure: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Indian heart journal, 70 Suppl 1(Suppl 1), S111–S117. DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.01.031

Ueland P. M. (2011). Choline and betaine in health and disease. Journal of inherited metabolic disease, 34(1), 3–15. DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9088-4

Vitamin B12

Lin, C. Y., Kuo, C. S., Lu, C. L., Wu, M. Y., & Huang, R. F. (2010). Elevated serum vitamin B(12) levels in association with tumor markers as the prognostic factors predictive for poor survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Nutrition and cancer, 62(2), 190–197. DOI: 10.1080/01635580903305334

Majaj A. S. (1966). Vitamin E-responsive macrocytic anemia in protein-calorie malnutrition. Measurements of vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin B12 and iron. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 18(5), 362–368. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/18.5.362

Kwok, T., Tang, C., Woo, J., Lai, W. K., Law, L. K., & Pang, C. P. (1998). Randomized trial of the effect of supplementation on the cognitive function of older people with subnormal cobalamin levels. International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 13(9), 611–616. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(199809)13:9<611::aid-gps832>3.0.co;2-o

Lonn, E., Yusuf, S., Arnold, M. J., Sheridan, P., Pogue, J., Micks, M., McQueen, M. J., Probstfield, J., Fodor, G., Held, C., Genest, J., Jr, & Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) 2 Investigators (2006). Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease. The New England journal of medicine, 354(15), 1567–1577. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa060900

Kwok, T., Lee, J., Law, C. B., Pan, P. C., Yung, C. Y., Choi, K. C., & Lam, L. C. (2011). A randomized placebo controlled trial of homocysteine lowering to reduce cognitive decline in older demented people. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 30(3), 297–302. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2010.12.004

Clarke R. (2000). Lowering blood homocysteine with folic acid-based supplements: meta-analysis of randomised trials. Indian heart journal, 52(7 Suppl), S59–S64. PMID: 11339443

Ma, E., Iwasaki, M., Kobayashi, M., Kasuga, Y., Yokoyama, S., Onuma, H., Nishimura, H., Kusama, R., & Tsugane, S. (2009). Dietary intake of folate, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, genetic polymorphism of related enzymes, and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Japan. Nutrition and cancer, 61(4), 447–456. DOI: 10.1080/01635580802610123

Malouf, R., & Areosa Sastre, A. (2003). Vitamin B12 for cognition. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (3), CD004326. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004326

Malouf, R., & Grimley Evans, J. (2008). Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for the prevention and treatment of healthy elderly and demented people. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (4), CD004514. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004514.pub2

McNulty, H., Pentieva, K., Hoey, L., & Ward, M. (2008). Homocysteine, B-vitamins and CVD. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 67(2), 232–237. DOI: 10.1017/S0029665108007076

Vitamin A

Green AS, Fascetti AJ. Meeting the Vitamin A Requirement: The Efficacy and Importance of β-Carotene in Animal Species. ScientificWorldJournal. 2016;2016:7393620. doi: 10.1155/2016/7393620

Marjorie J Haskell, The challenge to reach nutritional adequacy for vitamin A: β-carotene bioavailability and conversion—evidence in humans, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 96, Issue 5, November 2012, Pages 1193S–1203S, DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.034850

De Pee, S., & Bloem, M. W. (2007). The bioavailability of (pro) vitamin A carotenoids and maximizing the contribution of homestead food production to combating vitamin A deficiency. International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition, 77(3), 182–192. DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831.77.3.182

De Pee, S., & West, C. E. (1996). Dietary carotenoids and their role in combating vitamin A deficiency: a review of the literature. European journal of clinical nutrition, 50 Suppl 3, S38–S53. PMID: 8841773

Van Loo-Bouwman, C. A., West, C. E., van Breemen, R. B., Zhu, D., Siebelink, E., Versloot, P., Hulshof, P. J., van Lieshout, M., Russel, F. G., Schaafsma, G., & Naber, T. H. (2009). Vitamin A equivalency of beta-carotene in healthy adults: limitation of the extrinsic dual-isotope dilution technique to measure matrix effect. The British journal of nutrition, 101(12), 1837–1845. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114508131762

Hyaluronic Acid

Henrotin, Y., Mobasheri, A., & Marty, M. (2012). Is there any scientific evidence for the use of glucosamine in the management of human osteoarthritis?. Arthritis research & therapy, 14(1), 201. DOI: 10.1186/ar3657

Uebelhart D, Williams JM. Effects of hyaluronic acid on cartilage degradation. Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 1999 Sep;11(5):427-435. DOI: 10.1097/00002281-199909000-00018 

Reginster, J. Y., Bruyere, O., & Neuprez, A. (2007). Current role of glucosamine in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 46(5), 731–735. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kem026

Bruyere, O., & Reginster, J. Y. (2007). Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate as therapeutic agents for knee and hip osteoarthritis. Drugs & aging, 24(7), 573–580. DOI: 10.2165/00002512-200724070-00005

Holmes MW, Bayliss MT, Muir H. Hyaluronic acid in human articular cartilage. Age-related changes in content and size. Biochem J. 1988;250(2):435-441. doi: 10.1042/bj2500435

Roughley, P. J., White, R. J., & Poole, A. R. (1985). Identification of a hyaluronic acid-binding protein that interferes with the preparation of high-buoyant-density proteoglycan aggregates from adult human articular cartilage. The Biochemical journal, 231(1), 129–138. DOI: 10.1042/bj2310129

Hitchcock AM, Yates KE, Shortkroff S, Costello CE, Zaia J. Optimized extraction of glycosaminoglycans from normal and osteoarthritic cartilage for glycomics profiling [published correction appears in Glycobiology. 2007 Oct;17(10):1030]. Glycobiology. 2007;17(1):25-35. doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwl046

Allen, R. G., Burstein, D., & Gray, M. L. (1999). Monitoring glycosaminoglycan replenishment in cartilage explants with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 17(3), 430–436. DOI: 10.1002/jor.1100170320

Russo, F., D'Este, M., Vadalà, G., Cattani, C., Papalia, R., Alini, M., & Denaro, V. (2016). Platelet Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid Blend for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: Rheological and Biological Evaluation. PloS one, 11(6), e0157048. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157048